开源日报 每天推荐一个 GitHub 优质开源项目和一篇精选英文科技或编程文章原文，坚持阅读《开源日报》，保持每日学习的好习惯。
今日推荐开源项目：《文言文编程:wenyan》
今日推荐英文原文：《6 Habits of Super Learners》

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今日推荐开源项目：《文言文编程:wenyan》传送门：GitHub链接
推荐理由：大名鼎鼎的文言文编程语言, 中华传统文化和现代科技文明结合的产物.

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今日推荐英文原文：《6 Habits of Super Learners》作者：Thomas Oppong
原文链接：https://medium.com/personal-growth/6-habits-of-super-learners-63d466a254fd
推荐理由：成为一个超级学习者是你在 21 世纪取得成功所需要的最重要的技能之一。在一个瞬息万变的世界里，尽快学习新技能的能力正迅速成为一种必要条件。这篇文章将讲述一个超级学习者必备的一些素质。

6 Habits of Super Learners

Becoming a super learner is one of the most important skills you need to succeed in the 21st century. In the age technological change, staying ahead depends on continual self-education — a lifelong mastery of new models, skills and ideas.

In a world that’s changing fast, the ability to learn a new skill as fast as possible is quickly becoming a necessity. The good news is, you don’t need a natural gift to be better at learning something new even when you have a full-time career.

Many polymaths (people who have excelled in diverse pursuits) — including Charles Darwin, Leonardo da Vinci and the Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman — claimed not to have exceptional natural intelligence. We all have enough brainpower to master a new discipline — we use the right tools, approaches, or apply what we learn correctly. Almost anyone can learn anything — with the right technique.

Better learning approaches can make the process enjoyable. The key to rapid skill acquisition isn’t complicated. If you aim to learn a new skill to improve your career this year, some of these habits can be useful for you. 1. Super learners read a lot

Reading is to the mind what exercise is to your body. It gives us the freedom to roam the expanse of space, time, history, and offer a deeper view of ideas, concepts, emotions, and body of knowledge.

Your brain on books is active — growing, changing and making new connections and different patterns, depending on the type of material you’re reading. Highly successful learners read a lot.

In fact, many of the most successful people share this appreciation for reading — they don’t see reading as a chore but as an opportunity to improve their lives, careers and businesses.

Elon Musk grew up reading two books a day, according to his brother. Bill Gates reads 50 books per year. Mark Zuckerberg reads at least one book every two weeks. Warren Buffett spends five to six hours per day reading five newspapers and 500 pages of corporate reports.

In a world where information is the new currency, reading is the best source of continuous learning, knowledge and acquiring more of that currency.

2. Super learners view learning as a process

Learning is a journey, a discovery of new knowledge, not a destination. It’s an enjoyable lifelong process — a self-directed and self-paced journey of discovery. Understanding any topic, idea or new mindset requires not only keen observation but more fundamentally, the sustained curiosity.

“A learning journey is a curated collection of learning assets, both formal and informal, that can be used to acquire skills for a specific role and/or technology area,” writes Sonia Malik of IBM.

Learning is an investment that usually pays for itself in increased earnings. More than ever, learning is for life if you want to stay relevant, indispensable and thrive in the changing world of work.

Super learners value the process. They don’t have an end goal, they seek consistent improvement. They keep mastering new principles, processes, worldviews, thinking models, etc. The “ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated” pursuit of knowledge is important for their maturity.

3. They adopt a growth mindset

You can’t go wrong cultivating a growth mindset — a learning theory developed by Dr Carol Dweck that revolves around the belief that you can improve intelligence, ability and performance.

“The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn,” argues Alvin Toffler, a writer, futurist, and businessman known for his works discussing modern technologies.

Cultivating a growth or adaptable mindset can help you focus more on your most desirable goals in life. It may influence your motivation and could make you more readily able to see opportunities to learn and grow your abilities. The ability to keep an open-mind, acquire better knowledge and apply it when necessary can significantly improve your life and career.

4. Super learners teach others what they know

According to research, learners retain approximately 90% of what they learn when they explain/teach the concept to someone else, or use it immediately. Teaching others what you know is one of the most effective ways to learn, remember and recall new information. Psychologists, call it the “retrieval practice”. It’s one of the most reliable ways of building stronger memory traces.

Learn by teaching someone else a topic in simple terms so you can quickly pinpoint the holes in your knowledge. It’s a mental model coined by the famous physicist Richard Feynman.

Known as the “Great Explainer,” Feynman was revered for his ability to clearly illustrate dense topics like quantum physics for virtually anybody. The Feynman Technique is laid out clearly in James Gleick’s biography, Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman.

The ultimate test of your knowledge is your capacity to transfer it to another. A better way to learn, process, retain and remember information is to learn half the time and share half the time. Example, instead of completing a book, aim to read 50 percent and try recalling, sharing, or writing down the key ideas you have learned before proceeding.

5. Effective learners take care of their brains

Keeping your brain healthy keeps it sharp. What you do or don’t do for your brain can significantly change how your record, process and retrieve information. Everyone wants to live an active life for as long as possible. And that goal depends on robust brain health.

That means eating lots of foods associated with slowing cognitive decline — blueberries, vegetables (leafy greens — kale, spinach, broccoli), whole grains, getting protein from fish and legumes and choosing healthy unsaturated fats (olive oil) over saturated fats (butter).

Fruit and vegetables combat age-related oxidative stress that causes wear and tear on brain cells,” says Dr Gary Small, a professor of psychiatry and ageing.

Our brains naturally decline if we do nothing to protect them. However, if you intervene early, you can slow the decline process — it’s easier to protect a healthy brain than to try to repair damage once it is extensive.

6. They take short breaks, early and often

Downtime is crucial to retaining anything you choose to learn. According to recent research, taking short breaks, early and often, can help you learn things better and even improve your retention rate.

“Everyone thinks you need to ‘practice, practice, practice’ when learning something new. Instead, we found that resting, early and often, maybe just as critical to learning as practice,” said Leonardo G. Cohen, M.D., Ph.D., a senior investigator at NIH’s National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

Better breaks help the brain solidify, memories during the rest periods. Whatever you choose to learn over time, it’s important to optimise the timing of rest intervals for better results.

Experts at the Louisiana State University’s Center for Academic Success recommends 30–50 minutes sessions. “Anything less than 30 is just not enough, but anything more than 50 is too much information for your brain to take in at one time,” says learning strategies graduate assistant Ellen Dunn.

Our brains’ neural networks need to time process information, so spacing out your learning helps you memorise new information more efficiently — give your brain enough time to rest and recover.

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开源日报 每天推荐一个 GitHub 优质开源项目和一篇精选英文科技或编程文章原文，坚持阅读《开源日报》，保持每日学习的好习惯。
今日推荐开源项目：《浏览器 browser-2020》
今日推荐英文原文：《5 Git Practices for Effective Work》

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今日推荐开源项目：《浏览器 browser-2020》传送门：GitHub链接
推荐理由：现在是2020年，浏览器依然可以做很多令人惊奇的事情。该存储库包含当今浏览器中实现的较不知名功能的详尽列表。

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今日推荐英文原文：《5 Git Practices for Effective Work》作者：W3dcos
原文链接：https://medium.com/better-programming/5-git-practices-for-effective-work-b612e5430bc7
推荐理由：关于Git使用的几条建议

5 Git Practices for Effective Work

Commit early, commit often

(Photo by Aziz Acharki on Unsplash)

One of Git’s key advantages is flexibility. Git makes it possible to handle small and large projects, and enables a smoother workflow for team members. Tracking changes, maintaining the source code backup, enabling the collaboration of the team, and deploying the source code on the server with a single command are considered to be the power of Git performance.

Yet, there is lots of stuff you don’t even guess that’s essential for productive work. To increase your work efficiency and achieve better results, we suggest the following points to consider while working.

1. Make Clean Commits

Many of you, while fixing a specific bug, may spot another one and try to solve all the things in just a single git commit. Of course, this is not a good habit and can be problematic for you and your team members. Always keep in mind that fixing two different bugs should produce two separate commits. Keep the commits clean and contribute one commit for a single purpose. It will help others check your changes efficiently and make code reviews.

Also, don’t forget to write good commit messages (we have contributed a whole article on this topic). For that purpose, Git provides tools like the staging area (index) and the ability to stage only some parts of your file.

2. Commit Early and Often

Git is responsible for your data when you commit. Do not wait until you get a perfect commit. Split the feature implementation into small chunks and commit often. If you need a little bit more time to complete your work, just keep it updated with the latest changes so as not to get stuck in conflicts. If you commit early and often, you don’t lose work or revert changes, and you can trace your work while using the git reflog command. However, don’t commit a half-done code. If you want to commit just because you need a clean working copy, just use the git stash command instead!

3. Don’t Change Published History

Altering an already published history is a bad practice. Why? Let’s explain. Once a commit has been merged into an upstream branch and is visible to other programmers, it’s not recommended to change the history, to avoid conflicts. If you later find out that you litter your commit up, you can create new commits that fix the problem, for example by git revert. However, there are times when altering a published history is perhaps a normal thing, if managed well.

4. Use Aliases

Git alias is a shortcut that creates short commands mapping the longer ones. It demands a few keystrokes to run a command simplifying the programmer’s work. For example, we run:

git commit -m “commit message”

Instead, we can type:

git c -m “commit message”

Cutting a few letters every time will definitely save lots of time! Check out our article 7 Git Tricks to Save You Time.

5. Use Git Rebase in an Interactive Mode

There are lots of scenarios when your feature branch is ready to be integrated into the master, but a mess of commits doesn’t let you merge it.

You may have a bunch of commits in your branch, but once you want to merge it into the master, you should squash those commits into a clean commit. Git rebase interactive comes to help you with that:

git rebase — interactive <base>

Thanks to this magic mode, you can clean the history by filtering and modifying the existing sequence of commits.

To sum up, we undoubtedly can say that Git is a flexible tool that provides almost everything to make your workflow easier. It’s something like a magic world that we’re trying to dive deeper into and explore for you.

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