开源日报 - Page 69 of 262 - Open Source Daily

开源日报第766期：《召唤 ar-cutpaste》

8 5 月, 2020
开源日报每天推荐一个 GitHub 优质开源项目和一篇精选英文科技或编程文章原文，坚持阅读《开源日报》，保持每日学习的好习惯。
今日推荐开源项目：《召唤 ar-cutpaste》
今日推荐英文原文：《The Smarter Way of Asking for Programming Help》

今日推荐开源项目：《召唤 ar-cutpaste》传送门：GitHub链接
推荐理由：科技不断发展之后就会越来越像魔法……这个项目可以干你以前从未想过的事情：拿起你的手机，对准一个你身边的玩意，用手机把它抓起来，扔到电脑上的 PS 里去。尽管单纯看起来似乎用处不大，但是如果继续发展下去，可能就会为我们带来从未想象过的新生活方式。
今日推荐英文原文：《The Smarter Way of Asking for Programming Help》作者：
原文链接：https://medium.com/better-programming/the-smarter-way-of-asking-for-programming-help-52cd140dc437
推荐理由：在提出问题之前当然需要完成一些你自己能完成的工作
The Smarter Way of Asking for Programming Help
As programmers, we all face bugs regularly in our programs. Nevertheless, we must find a way to solve those issues and make our programs run properly. Some people are so good at debugging — they can find bugs and solve issues on their own. But they, too, would have gotten to that level of expertise by having taken baby steps from the beginner level.

I personally like helping people solve their bugs. Lending others a helping hand is fun and emotionally rewarding. It also helps me revise or learn things that I’ve missed or forgotten.

Therefore, I’ve created this small guide to help beginners ask help from fellow programmers in a smarter way.
Before You Ask a Question
Before you ask for help, make sure you’ve done your part of the research as well. Some people are so lazy — they don’t even think of doing some googling on their end. They simply open up a forum, say Stack Overflow or a Facebook group, and post their question. It can even be simple questions, such as “how do I start programming?” or “how do I install an npm package?”

You can genuinely not understand how to do it, but you must make sure you put up an effort from your end — and then ask for help. Make sure you show the potential audience of your question that you’ve put an effort into finding a solution to your problem and yet failed.

These are some steps you can take before asking your question from others.
- Search online — the first thing you should do is google
- Read the documentation — make sure you read the official documentation and forums
- Ask a skilled friend — if the above two options don’t work, you can ask a skilled friend of yours
If you haven’t been able to find a solution after these three steps, you can go ahead and ask your questions. When you ask your question, display the fact you’ve done these things first.
How to search online
One common thing I’ve noticed among my peers is they all do search on Google before asking a friend for help. But what surprises me the most is when a friend searches on Google to find a solution and succeeds in doing so.

How can two people search on the same platform, yet only one person was able to find a solution to the problem?

This is because of the way both of them phrased their questions.

Make sure you include only the necessary phrases or terms in your search query. Suppose you want to know how to add a local image to your HTML. You can either search “how to add images to my website” or “how to add a local image in HTML.” As you can see, the latter question is better phrased — as it’s more specific but provides enough detail.

Photo by Charles Deluvio on Unsplash
How to Ask a Question

Make sure you ask the right question at the right place
Be cautious about where you ask your question. You’re likely to be ignored or written off as a loser if you:
- Post your question to a forum where it’s off topic
- Post a very elementary question to a forum where advanced technical questions are expected — or vice versa
- Crosspost to too many different newsgroups
- Post a personal email to somebody who is neither an acquaintance of yours or personally responsible for solving your problem
Make sure you post clear screenshots/messages of the error
I’ve seen countless posts being mocked on Facebook groups because the question contained very unreadable images of the code or error.

You should always make sure your code is readable. This can be achieved by uploading screenshots of your error/code. You can even upload your code via GitHub gists or code editors like CodePen. This makes sure that people can clearly read and understand your code, without having to turn their heads to be able to see your captured image of the code.

Always make sure to include your error message as a text in your post. This will make it easier for people to do research on.

If you don’t know how to take a screenshot, you can find out more here.
Try websites like Stack Overflow
Stack Overflow is the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their programming knowledge, and build their careers.

Make sure you follow the Before You Ask a Question guidelines mentioned above to avoid being downvoted on your question. Being downvoted gives you a bad reputation on Stack Overflow. Posting code/error screenshots in StackOverflow is not recommended at all.Try to post your error as a text.
Write the question as clear as possible and straight to the point
One thing I’ve noticed on forums is people posting questions that make no sense at all. I do understand that they’re poor in English. If you have such issues, you can always ask a friend to proofread your questions for you. There is nothing to be ashamed of when asking for your friend’s help on this.

Also, make sure your question is straight to the point. Don’t beat around the bush and waste peoples time.
- Mention the environment you run on
- Describe the symptoms of your problem or bug carefully and clearly
- If at all possible, provide a way to reproduce the problem in a controlled environment
- Make sure you include the exact text of the error message — ideally, copy and paste it directly out of whatever log, console, or web page contained it
- If you need help with a piece of code, always provide a code sample. It need not be the exact code, but it shouldn’t be semantically different from your actual code. For instance, hiding particularly sensitive values in your code is fine, but you shouldn’t change or paraphrase things like loop conditions.
What If You Don’t Get an Answer?
If you’ve followed all of the above steps, be patient until you receive feedback. Unless you’re paying someone for their time, you’re not entitled to their help. There are plenty of people willing to answer your questions out there, but they don’t tend to like being annoyed. Once you’ve stated your problem or question somewhere, give it some time. Generally, people who are willing to help will do so when they’re able.

If you don’t get an answer to your question, don’t take it personally. Sometimes the members of the asked group may simply not know the answer. No response isn’t the same as being ignored — though, admittedly, it’s hard to spot the difference from the outside.

If you’re still in need of solving your question, you can get paid help. There are also plenty of commercial companies you can contract for help, both large and small. Don’t be dismayed at the idea of having to pay for a bit of help! After all, if your car engine blows a head gasket, chances are you’d take it to a repair shop and pay to get it fixed. Even if the software didn’t cost you anything, you can’t expect that support to always come for free.
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开源日报第765期：《用来干嘛 Faker》

7 5 月, 2020

开源日报每天推荐一个 GitHub 优质开源项目和一篇精选英文科技或编程文章原文，坚持阅读《开源日报》，保持每日学习的好习惯。
今日推荐开源项目：《用来干嘛 Faker》
今日推荐英文原文：《How I Was Able to Pass Interviews at Top Tech Companies Without a CS Degree》

今日推荐开源项目：《用来干嘛 Faker》传送门：GitHub链接
推荐理由：该项目能用于用于生成假数据，例如姓名，地址和电话号码。那么，这个项目究竟能用来干什么呢？
今日推荐英文原文：How I Was Able to Pass Interviews at Top Tech Companies Without a CS Degree作者：Joey Colon
原文链接：
推荐理由：是金子总会发光
How I Was Able to Pass Interviews at Top Tech Companies Without a CS Degree

With a timeline and resources so you can do it too!

(Photo by Maranda Vandergriff on Unsplash.)

Introduction
Preparing for technical interviews might feel like a really vague task to work on — at least it did for me. In this article, I want to shed light on my personal timeline for studying and the strategies that I developed for myself. It should be noted that there is not an exclusive strategy you must follow in order to succeed.

I’m a firm believer in surrounding yourself with like-minded, motivated individuals. While some outlets existed for myself during my time of self-study, I wanted to allocate some of my own time and create my own community to help people who are in a similar position to myself. That is why I created the cscareers.dev community.

Before applying and interviewing with these companies, I highly suggest you check out the community that I am building. We are aiming to provide our community members with free company-specific interview questions as well as mock interviews and resume reviews by engineers from top tech companies to help you obtain and ace the interview.

Picking a Language — May 2019
Going into the interview preparation phase, I didn’t actually have a language to interview in. I was, and still am, a JavaScript developer by day. In my opinion, JavaScript is a suboptimal language in which to complete these algorithm interviews. I can explain why, but that deserves an article of its own.

Regardless, this put me in a particular position where I needed to get comfortable both with an interviewing language and problem-solving. I found Java to be appealing due to its verbosity, but in hindsight, I would have rather invested in learning Python due to its simplicity. Either way, don’t get tripped up on picking a language for too long. Most people are interviewing in C++/Python/Java. Commit to one and start focusing on more important things.

CodeSignal — May 2019
Since LeetCode was too difficult for me to complete even the easiest of problems, the first resource I started to use was CodeSignal. The platform provides several different categories of varying difficulty. For me, I needed to learn how to write Java code and start exercising my problem-solving muscles. I spent around a week completing various coding challenges from the Intro section of their Arcade area. I was able to kill two birds with one stone using this section of their website.

(CodeSignal website.)

LeetCode — May-June 2019
At this point, I decided to revisit LeetCode. It was still really difficult for me to complete problems given my lack of familiarity with how to apply data structures to problems, but there really is no way to get around this learning curve. Since I did not have the luxury of taking an algorithms course, I had to supplement my gap of knowledge through online lectures available on YouTube.

My biggest tip is to respect your time when doing a single problem. It becomes extremely inefficient to spend longer than 30 minutes thinking about how to approach a problem. If you aren’t on the right track (you’ll gain this intuition over time), head over to the discussion tab of the question and read the solution. LeetCode’s discussion tab is a wonderful resource to understand how others approach/solve a problem. The difference you gain between spending hours on a problem vs. 30 minutes is suboptimal. You want to be very respectful of your time when learning different concepts.

To really understand solutions to a problem, I would write the person’s solution into my code editor and really try my best to understand what each line served. For problems where I peeked at the solution, I would add them to a backlog of problems to do at a later date to reinforce the approach.

Mock Interviews — June-August 2019
Mock interviews are a great way to get prepare yourself for an interview. At this time, I was partaking in CodePath’s technical interviewing course, which gave me access to do a mock interview every week. It was a great resource to take advantage of. If I was preparing right now, I would definitely take advantage of Pramp and try to set up a schedule for myself where I do 1-2 mock interviews a week. While they are pretty nerve-racking, failure is free and you want to receive it in an environment that has no repercussions. Mock interviews are the perfect tool for that.

While completing my own mock interviews, being able to watch how other successful people interviewed was honestly game-changing. There are several YouTube channels that have mock interviews with experienced engineers.

With cscareers.dev, I am personally taking my time to mock interview people who have passed these difficult technical interviews and broadcast these interviews online in hopes that they are able to be as resourceful as I found them to be:
https://youtu.be/DeBekxKPi_E

LeetCode — July-October 2019
By July, I am starting to become more comfortable with LeetCode. The problems that stomped me back in May became trivial and I was finally able to start solving problems from the Blind Top 75 Questions list. I recommend tackling the problems on this list, as they hit a lot of the concepts that these interview problems cover. I even encountered being asked the same exact question in an actual interview.

In the CSCareers Discord server, there is a bot that you can interact with to choose a random question from the popular Blind list as well as any company-specific question.

(CSCareers Discord bot.)
Whenever I would have an interview, I would take time to do problems that the company frequently asks. For example, Facebook loves asking tree problems based on their frequently asked problems, so I would make sure that I was extremely comfortable with answering tree problems. This isn’t a bulletproof method, but it serves as a great way to prepare for a company’s specific interview.

On top of studying company questions, I would answer all the questions on a whiteboard. You don’t want the real interview to be the first time you write on a whiteboard. There are tricks that you can learn to help you write code faster on a whiteboard, but you won’t be learning them if you don’t take the time out to prepare yourself.

Elements of Programming Interviews — September 2019
I would like to give a special acknowledgment to the Elements of Programming Interviews book. I would often see recommendations for the CTCI book, but when comparing the two side by side, I truly believe that this book alone would suffice as study material to succeed in the interview. I can’t say the same about CTCI anymore. EPI provides catered study plans based on how much time you have to prepare.

Conclusion
Just like any other skill, technical interviewing is a skill you must hone. I genuinely believe if you surround yourself with the right people during your process of studying and put in the conscious effort to improve, you will be able to pass interviews at these large tech companies.

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开源日报第764期：《Java实现算法:TheAlgorithms/Java》

6 5 月, 2020

开源日报每天推荐一个 GitHub 优质开源项目和一篇精选英文科技或编程文章原文，坚持阅读《开源日报》，保持每日学习的好习惯。
今日推荐开源项目：《Java实现算法:TheAlgorithms/Java》
今日推荐英文原文：《Uber is developing tech to ensure drivers wear face masks》

今日推荐开源项目：《Java实现算法:TheAlgorithms/Java》传送门：GitHub链接
推荐理由：通过学习java实现数据结构与算法,可以更好的了解java库的运行原理与机制.
今日推荐英文原文：《Uber is developing tech to ensure drivers wear face masks》作者：Jon Fingas
原文链接：https://www.engadget.com/uber-face-mask-detection-technology-184137514.html
推荐理由：在新冠病毒肆虐之中,Uber提升自己的科技水平来确保司机能够佩戴口罩,以保障人们的出行安全
Uber is developing tech to ensure drivers wear face masks
Uber is coming to terms with the new reality imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and it’s using technology to make sure everyone adjusts. The company has confirmed to CNN Business that it’s requiring face masks or similar coverings for both drivers and passengers in countries like the US, and is developing technology to detect whether or not drivers are abiding by those rules. It didn’t elaborate on how the technology would work, although Uber already has a Real Time ID-check feature that periodically asks drivers to take selfies.

A CNN tipster added that Uber was looking into ways to ensure riders wore masks, although privacy concerns clearly make that more difficult.

Uber has already been supplying masks and disinfectants to drivers, but this new policy might be vital if the company hopes to revitalize its business as governments lift their lockdown restrictions. Ridesharing has taken a sharp hit as stay-at-home orders, closed stores and fear of travel have left would-be customers reluctant to go anywhere — especially in the close confines of a car. Masks would not only reduce the chances of infection, but increase trust for both sides.

It might also be necessary for the survival of the company. Lyft recently laid off more than 1,000 employees to adapt to the financial realities of the pandemic, and The Information has claimed that Uber is looking at laying off roughly 20 percent of its staff. Job cuts like these could help the companies weather declines for a while, but they might not be enough if would-be customers remain frightened.
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开源日报第763期：《一码传数据:qrcp》

30 4 月, 2020

开源日报每天推荐一个 GitHub 优质开源项目和一篇精选英文科技或编程文章原文，坚持阅读《开源日报》，保持每日学习的好习惯。
今日推荐开源项目：《一码传数据:qrcp》
今日推荐英文原文：《More than 1 million people in the US have tested positive for COVID-19》

今日推荐开源项目：《一码传数据:qrcp》传送门：GitHub链接
推荐理由：通过扫描 QR 码通过 Wi-Fi 将文件从计算机传输到移动设备，而无需离开终端,方便快捷.
今日推荐英文原文：《More than 1 million people in the US have tested positive for COVID-19》作者：Russell Brandom
原文链接：https://www.theverge.com/2020/4/28/21238180/coronavirus-cases-usa-1-million-covid-19-positive-tests
推荐理由：世界第一–霉国突破百万大关,希望能够再接再厉,创造佳绩.
More than 1 million people in the US have tested positive for COVID-19
The United States has confirmed more than 1 million cases of COVID-19, according to Johns Hopkins University’s Coronavirus Resource Center. Since March, the US has reported more confirmed infections than any other country in the world, although some have raised doubts about the accuracy of China’s official case numbers. The growth in those cases has leveled off over the past two weeks, averaging around 30,000 new cases each day.

Testing in the US remains scarce, with roughly 5.5 million tests performed since the first confirmed US case on January 20th. The slow pace of testing means current case numbers are almost certainly an undercount, as indicated by a number of recent studies. In April, a random sampling of New Yorkers showed nearly 25 percent had developed antibodies for the virus, suggesting a wide range of untested and asymptomatic cases that would not be represented in official case numbers.

US response to the disease has largely been led by the states in the face of a contradictory and often confrontational response from the federal government. President Trump has announced a variety of abortive federal efforts — at various points promoting an imminent vaccine, a nationwide online testing system, and treatment through internally ingested disinfectants — none of which have yielded results. Trump later clarified that the disinfectant comments were made “sarcastically.”

At times, Trump has also had an antagonistic relationship to social distancing measures designed to limit the spread of the virus. Earlier in April, he called on protestors to “liberate” three states under shelter-in-place orders from Democratic governors in apparent defiance of the White House’s own criteria for when restrictions should be lifted.
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